There is yet another mechanism by which the bubonic plague spreads. The Y. pestis selects two different populations of host (mostly rodents). One of these two populations is resistant to the disease while the other is not. The resistant host keeps the disease endemic and the non-resistant host is wiped out. When this happens, the fleas from the dead hosts move to new hosts which include humans and thereby creating human epidemic. This is exactly what happened in case of Black Death.